Naltrexone Side Effects and Potential Risks: An Overview
Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, is mostly used to treat opioid and alcohol addiction. It can be helpful in assisting people in overcoming addiction, but it's important to be aware of any risks and adverse effects before using it. Although naltrexone use carries relatively minimal hazards, it can still not wholly be ruled out. To help readers choose the best course of treatment, this article gives a general summary of the prevalent side effects and potential hazards of naltrexone.
How Does Naltrexone Work?
Naltrexone functions by preventing opioids' effects on the brain. Since it binds to opioid receptors in the brain and prevents them from being triggered by opioids, it is categorized as an opioid receptor antagonist.
Opioids are drugs that work with opioid receptors in the brain to provide euphoric and analgesic effects. They include illegal substances like heroin as well as prescription painkillers like oxycodone and hydrocodone. When these opioids bind to particular brain receptors, a series of physiological and psychological reactions are brought about.
Naltrexone for Alcohol
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol dependence are frequently treated with naltrexone. While naltrexone is most famous for treating opiate addiction, it has also been shown to be successful in lowering alcohol cravings and relapse rates.
Naltrexone blocks the effects of endogenous opioids, which are generated when alcohol is drunk and are used to treat alcoholism. Endorphins, which are natural opioids that contribute to alcohol's pleasurable effects, are released as a result of drinking. Naltrexone inhibits the rewarding and reinforcing effects of alcohol by blocking the opioid receptors in the brain, which helps to diminish cravings and deter heavy drinking.
Common Side Effects
Several common adverse effects of naltrexone are possible; they usually start at the beginning of treatment and get better over time. Among these negative impacts are:
Vomiting and Nausea: Some people may feel sick to their stomach or throw up quickly after taking naltrexone. The drug can be taken with food to help manage this adverse effect, which is often minor.
Headaches: Another typical side effect of naltrexone is headaches. They can be treated with over-the-counter painkillers and are typically only temporary.
Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or dizzy is a potential adverse effect of naltrexone. While the dizziness is still present, it is best to refrain from demanding mental or physical coordination.
Fatigue: Naltrexone may make you feel worn out or exhausted. It's crucial to get enough rest and sleep while receiving treatment.
Sleep Disturbances: Some people may have altered sleeping habits, such as sleeplessness or vivid dreams. These outcomes are typically transient and get better over time.
Severe and Rare Side Effects
Naltrexone is generally well tolerated by most people, but in rare instances, it can have disastrous effects.
Impaired Liver Functions
Since the liver performs the majority of the drug's metabolism, chronic use of large doses may have an impact on liver health. It's important to regularly check your liver enzyme levels, especially if you already have a liver problem. Any indications of liver damage, such as yellowing of the skin or eyes, discomfort in the abdomen, or dark urine, should prompt medical care.
Allergic Reactions
Allergies to naltrexone can happen, however they are uncommon. Hives, rash, itching, swelling of the face or throat, and breathing difficulties are just a few of the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Any of these symptoms must be treated medically right once.
Opioid Overdose Risk
The increased chance of opioid overdose during the course of treatment is one potential danger connected to naltrexone. The effects of opioids, such as heroin or prescription painkillers, are blocked by naltrexone. When someone using naltrexone relapses and tries to use opioids, they may need greater dosages to get around the blocking effect, which can result in an overdose. It is critical that patients, carers, and healthcare professionals are aware of this risk and adopt safety practices, such as having access to emergency medical services and carrying naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal drug.
Drug Interactions
Other drugs and naltrexone may interact, which may reduce the efficacy or raise the risk of adverse effects. To avoid hazardous interactions, it is crucial to let healthcare practitioners know about all prescription drugs, over-the-counter remedies, and herbal supplements being used. One should also know what to avoid when taking naltrexone. When taken concurrently with naltrexone, some drugs, including opioids, certain painkillers, or those that impact liver enzymes, may require dosage modifications or strict monitoring.
Mood Changes
Naltrexone has occasionally been linked to mood changes, such as elevated anxiety, agitation, or depression. People who have a history of mental health issues should be thoroughly watched while receiving treatment. The importance of receiving urgent medical care if there are any substantial changes in mood or suicidal thoughts is paramount.
Wrapping It Up!
Although naltrexone is a key drug in the fight against alcohol and drug addiction, there are risks and side effects to be aware of. An important part of using naltrexone safely includes being aware of the common adverse effects, keeping an eye on liver function, being aware of allergic reactions, being aware of the possibility of opioid overdose, managing drug combinations, and dealing with mood swings. Before beginning treatment, it is crucial to speak with a healthcare professional to assess the potential risks and benefits and to make sure the patient will be monitored properly.